EPCScore

What Is an EPC?

Everything you need to know about Energy Performance Certificates — what they are, who needs one, and how they work.

What Is an Energy Performance Certificate?

An Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) is a document that shows how energy-efficient a property is, rated on a scale from A (most efficient) to G (least efficient). It's similar to the energy labels you see on household appliances.

EPCs were introduced in England and Wales in 2007 as part of Home Information Packs, and have been required for all property sales and lettings since 2008.

What Does an EPC Include?

An EPC contains:

  • An energy efficiency rating from A to G, with a numerical score out of 100
  • An environmental impact rating showing the property's CO₂ emissions
  • Estimated energy costs for heating, hot water and lighting
  • Recommendations for improving the property's energy efficiency
  • A potential rating showing what the property could achieve with improvements

    • Who Carries Out an EPC Assessment?

    EPCs must be produced by an accredited Domestic Energy Assessor (DEA). The assessor visits the property and inspects factors including:

  • The age and construction of the building
  • Wall, roof and floor insulation
  • Windows (single, double or triple glazed)
  • The heating system and controls
  • Lighting
  • Renewable energy sources (solar panels, heat pumps, etc.)

    • The assessment typically takes 30–60 minutes.

    How Long Is an EPC Valid?

    An EPC is valid for 10 years from the date of issue. You can use the same EPC for multiple sales or lettings within that period, provided no major changes have been made to the property.

    How Is the Score Calculated?

    The EPC score is calculated using the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP), which is the Government's methodology for assessing the energy performance of dwellings. It considers:

  • The property's fabric (walls, roof, floors, windows)
  • The heating, ventilation and hot water systems
  • Lighting
  • Renewable energy technologies

    • The score runs from 1 to 100, where higher is better. A score of 92 or above achieves an A rating, whilst 20 or below is rated G.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Is an EPC a legal requirement?

    Yes. An EPC is required whenever a property is built, sold or let in England and Wales. The certificate must be made available to potential buyers or tenants free of charge.

    How much does an EPC cost?

    An EPC typically costs between £60 and £120, depending on the size and location of the property.

    Can I sell a property without an EPC?

    No. You must have a valid EPC before marketing a property for sale or rent. Failure to provide one can result in a fine of up to £5,000.